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Does anybody know what I/O ports could be accessed other than 0x1F0, 0x170, 0x1E8, 0x168?

Today I tried to manually read those ports looking for a SATA HDD, but it didn't seem to be there. There was only 0xFF reads from those locations.

As far as I know you actually talk to SATA drives through an AHCI (advanced host controller interface) controller (assuming the system isn't in IDE emulation mode), which means you don't necessarily access the drives directly (ie, no port range per master/slave ala IDE). I could be wrong though!

If configured by the BIOS,

* They can appear as a legacy ISA IDE controllers if emulated by the chipset..
* They also appear as a PCI IDE controllers in native or compatibility mode.
* Finally, they may appear as an AHCI compatible devices..

AHCI is the recommended mode of operation, NCQ and device Hot Plugging is available.

(Least likely is they're on a proprietary SATA RAID controller with an undocumented chipset)
Have fun.